Cystex Liquid Cranberry Complex uses the proprietary, clinically-proven Proantinox formula, which contains: * Natural cranberry concentrate: disables the cell structure of E. coli by inhibiting their ability to adhere to the wall of the urinary tract * D-Mannose (active ingredient from cranberries): to increase bacterial anti-adherence effect. E. coli bacteria adhere to the D-Mannose forming a compound that is expelled with urine * Bromelain (from pineapple): a natural anti-inflammatory that may increase antibiotic effectiveness plus digests protein * Vitamin C (ascorbic acid): to help maintain adequate urine acidity, which helps create a less tolerable environment for E. coli bacteria * FOS (inulin): a prebiotic that stimulates the growth of bifidobacteria in the colon and reduces the number of E. coli – feeds healthy bacteria